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Home > Research > Papers > after the year 2000 |
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2024-10-09 |
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[2024, Economic & Political Weekly] National Innovation System (NIS) of India in
a Comparative Perspective: India vs. China, Germany, Korea and Brazil |
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Keun Lee, Jinhee Kim and Joonyup Kim, 2024, "National Innovation System (NIS) of India in a Comparative Perspective: India vs. China, Germany, Korea and Brazil," Economic & Political Weekly, Vol. 59, Issue No. 34, 24 Aug, 2024.
abstract
This study analyses the national innovation system (NIS) of India in a comparative perspective. India spends minimally on R&D, and its ratio of R&D to GDP has barely increased beyond 1%. However, India has been showing a steadily increasing trend in the number of patents filed in the US. The NIS of India is characterised by low degree of knowledge localisation and local ownership of innovation, which implies a majority of R&D conducted by foreign entities in India. Interestingly, the average cycle time of technologies (CTT) of Indian-filed patents has been gradually decreasing as it started to file more patents in short-cycle technologies, such ITs. Thus, it has become more diversified and overcome the former dominance by long-cycle technologies, such as pharmaceuticals. India serves as the low-cost R&D centre for foreign MNCs. Although it is definitely better than being a low-cost production site for foreign MNCs as the case of typical developing countries, this mode alone would be insufficient to move India to a high-income stage. One way to enhance more local creation and ownership of innovation is the generation of more world-class big businesses, besides keeping good performance in generating a good mass of startups or unicorns. Compared with other major economies, India shows one of the lowest ratios of the number of big businesses to that of unicorns.
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accepted version-National Innovation systems of India-EPW 2024.pdf (570,812 byte) |
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